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Cluster outbreaks/Sturgis:

Infections related to the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally in South Dakota that took place earlier this month are continuing to rise. Infections related to the event now stand at 46 confirmed cases with two individuals being hospitalized, one of which is in intensive care, Ehresmann said.

MDH is also beginning to see secondary transmission from the Sturgis cases. While those cases are not included in the total of 46, they are a concern, Ehresmann said. She also said that they are expecting to see more secondary transmission from these cases as the days continue.

Some of the secondary transmission from Sturgis cases came from a wedding, according to Ehresmann. MDH is concerned about an increase in cluster cases involving weddings, parties and other gatherings that are not following social distancing or masking recommendations.

MEXICOWANDERER wrote:

Were not most of the Sturgis activities out of doors?

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This observational study is one of the largest UK studies of paediatric SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence, and the only study to recruit from all regions of the UK. Following the first pandemic wave in the UK, 68/992 (6.9%) children of healthcare workers had evidence of prior infection with SARS-CoV-2. Whilst this is likely to be higher than the general population it is surprisingly similar to the seroprevalence reported by the ONS study of adults from England and Wales (6.2%) (10), and similar to international estimates (11-13). As expected there was marked geographical variation, with London reporting the highest infection rates (11.6%) and Belfast the lowest (0.9%) p<0.0001. These regional variations are consistent with published adult estimates of seroprevalence from the same time period (10).
In this study there was a near equal number of children under 10 years of age 32/68 (47%) and children over 10 years of age 36/68 (53%) developing antibodies consistent with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Age, as a categorical or continuous variable, was not a statistically significant factor in predicting the presence of antibodies, or the overall titres in children irrespective of the assay used (Figure 2). This is in contrast to several studies that have reported a lower seroprevalence in young children (under 10 years of age) and in elderly adults (over 65 years of age) following the first wave of the pandemic (11-13). This has led some authors to suggest that children are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection (27-30). The studies on which these assumptions are based have typically reported a binary antibody outcome (positive or negative) rather than absolute titres (11-13). It is possible that the lower seroprevalence reported thus far in younger children merely reflects the effect of social distancing measures on this group. This may go some way to explain why the over 65s also demonstrated lower seroprevalence in the same studies (27-30). In our cohort, children were more likely to be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in the home due to fact that their parent(s) worked in healthcare. The findings from this study may therefore provide a greater insight into how younger children react when exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Further research is required to understand if younger children are really less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2.

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Experimental infections in dogs (10), cats (10, 11), ferrets (10, 12), hamsters (13, 14), rhesus macaques (15), tree shrew (16), cynomolgus macaques (17), grivets (18), common marmosets (19), rabbits (20), and fruit bats (21) have shown that these species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, and experimentally infected cats, tree shrews, hamsters and ferrets could transmit the virus. In contrast, experimental infection of pigs and several poultry species with SARS-CoV-2 proved to be unsuccessful (10, 21, 22).

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Since our observation, SARS-CoV-2 infections
364 have also been described in mink farms in Denmark, Spain and the USA (57–59), and mink farming is common in other regions of the world as well, also in China where around 26 million mink pelts are produced on a yearly basis (60). The population size and the structure of mink farms is such that it is conceivable that SARS-CoV-2 – once introduced – could continue to circulate. Therefore, continued monitoring and cooperation between human and animal health services is crucial to prevent the animals serving as a reservoir for continued infection in humans.