silversand
Montreal
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Joined: 09/12/2004
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....I found this article to be incredibly interesting:
"'Collectively, our results suggest that the progenitor of Omicron jumped from humans to mice, rapidly accumulated mutations conducive to infecting that host, then jumped back into humans, indicating an inter-species evolutionary trajectory for the Omicron outbreak.'"
National Center for Biotechnology and Information
here-->
Silver
2004 Chevy Silverado 2500HD 4x4 6.0L Ext/LB Tow Package 4L80E Michelin AT2s| Outfitter Caribou
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silversand
Montreal
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....this is interesting. I was tipped off to the article at Eric Topol's blog:
This, published less than a week ago in the prestigious research journal, SCIENCE Vol 378, Issue 6622:
"Competition between respiratory viruses may hold off a ‘tripledemic’ this winter"
here-->
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BCSnob
Middletown, MD
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Joined: 02/23/2002
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silversand wrote:BC Snob wrote:My summary of these studies on protection against BQ.1.1:
1.
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Beautiful. Many thanks BC. Heading over to read. Been offline....just arrived in Florida on weekend....
Another study that assessed the rates of waning protection including natural immunity.
Protection and Waning of Natural and Hybrid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2
June 9 2022 N Engl J Med 2022; 386:2201-2212
I ask a question for which there isn’t an answer, yet.
Why do some viral infections ,and the vaccines against these infections, produce years of protection while other viral infections, and the associated vaccines, only confer months of protection? (I am not referring to loss of protection with antigenic drift.)
* This post was
edited 11/25/22 07:51am by BCSnob *
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silversand
Montreal
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" In a 2018 review of 11 recent studies on the durability of influenza vaccines, researchers concluded that effectiveness can vanish as soon as 90 days after vaccination. The article, published in Clinical Infectious Diseases, further noted that 20% of Americans received their flu vaccines for a given season by the end of September—which means the vaccine may do nothing come peak flu spread in January and February."
This, quoted from, How Long Do Vaccines Last: Scientists are developing vaccines that produce more durable immune responses and debating when booster shots are needed
This doesn't answer the question you ask, however it is an easy to read article that any layman can understand towards getting familiar with the subject of waning durability; published in the journal Science:
here-->
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MEXICOWANDERER
las peñas, michoacan, mexico
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Joined: 06/01/2007
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Hopefully no reassortments?
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silversand
Montreal
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...anecdotal, and local to our condo complex in North Florida:
21 close friends here. Only 1 has been symptomatic with cold-like symptoms over past 15 days. This person had JUST arrived back here at the complex from Vermont, WITH cold-like symptoms (and self isolating on the beach in open air and 74F sun. All other of our group who have been here in Florida for weeks or months: healthy, no cold or flu-like symptoms....yet. Still monitoring.
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BCSnob
Middletown, MD
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Durability of immune responses to the booster mRNA vaccination against COVID-19
MedRxiv Preprint 4Dec2022
Measurment of antibodies, virus neutralization, B & T cells against a range of Omicron variants at various time points following 2, 3, and 4 homologous mRNA vaccinations.
Amounts of antibodies wane post vaccination with more boosters decreasing the rate of waning and increasing the breadth of protection beyond the variant used in the monovalent mRNA vaccines. Memory cells appear to be long lasting.
(read how the antibodies were measured)
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silversand
Montreal
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BC Snob wrote:(read how the antibodies were measured)
.....thanks. Heading over to read today
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silversand
Montreal
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"In addition to the clinical report of infections, we measured anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibody responses in all individuals to determine potential undiagnosed infection with SARS-CoV-2"
From, "Durability of immune responses to the booster mRNA vaccination against COVID-19"
....!
On edit:
Just now reading and beyond, "Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-Spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies"
* This post was
edited 12/11/22 07:22am by silversand *
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BCSnob
Middletown, MD
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Here is a research study that combined two of my interests: science and sheep.
Immunogenic fusion proteins induce neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the serum and milk of sheep
BioRxiv Preprint 12Dec2022
In summary: sheep were immunized with the spike of the "original Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 sequence with an additional D614G mutation". This produced an immune response in these yearling ewes similar to what the vaccines induce in humans. The ewes with the highest antibody titers were bred and boosted prior to lambing. The milk these ewes produced was tested for antibodies against wuhan, beta, delta, and omicron; and these titers were compared to those for REGN-33 and REGN-87 (currently available antibody drugs). The sheep milk yielded neutralization against wuhan, beta, delta, and omicron which was broader in variant response than either of the antibody drugs. Immunized sheep milk could be used to generate large quantities of antibody treatments in place of human convalescent serum.
This is old technology; we boost our ewes before lambing to ensure they pass along important antibodies through their milk to their lambs.
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